Study Guide for Exam

Study Guide to the Semester Exam - Human Geo - Fall 2013

*Multiple choice*

1. Introduction (Excellence)

a.              A Letter to Garcia - have to be able to count on people to do their best

b.             Socrates/ancient Greeks – real world appricalication (let no one tell you what to do) had his own beliefs, had the children don’t do what they’re told, question authority. “The unexamined life is not worth living” – not taking advantage of your knowledge; wasting talents

c.              Did You Know?/Shift Happens- World is changing faster than we know it, were training for jobs that don’t exist yet; we should be learning new skills

d.             Globalization- Always be learning to pick up new knowledge

e.             Infrastructure- ^^  (structure/ building block a country needs to be successful; electricity, good education system (kids are the future), healthcare (disease &sickness), transportation to import and export goods (airports harbors)

2.              Population and Migration

a.             population pyramids-

b.             crude birth rate, crude death rate, RNI, TFR- how does too many/little children being born effect jobs?

c.              immigration/emigration, NMR

d.             push forces, pull forces- pull forces- good health care, freedom, better economy

e.             developed nations, developing nations- developing nation o not have the infrastructure; developed nations have:  electricity, good education system (kids are the future), healthcare (disease &sickness), transportation to import and export goods (airports harbors)

f.               God Grew Tired of Us – Lost boys were forced out of their country (push force), once they came to America they to find had jobs and education to succed and survive in America without going poor.  (just because you come to America does not mean your problems are over

* Learned this because a lot of different countries that have problems and to show the difference between countries who have problems and who don’t. Realize America has it good compared to countries like Kenya

3.              Cultural Geography – We studied religion and language because its important to be culturally aware what the world is like. Look at things from a different point of view when it comes to people with different backgrounds

a.              language (bilingual nations, official language)- official languages & bilingual

b.              major religions (Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism)

c.              ethnic heritage

4.              Political Geography

a.              country, nation, state, nation/state

b.              World Leaders of the 12 nations we studied (plus the US) – (economic background, or protested their government and became leader; Nelson Mandela,

c.              type of government, leader and title, recognize photographs

5.              Economic Geography- how does little loans help people who need it?

a.              microfinance

b.              infrastructure

c.              Kiva

d.              Peace Corps

Exam Review

Today we started to get all our work and test prepared to study from it for exams next week. We have to answer 100 question on all the topics we learned and after we write an essay explaining all the material from each section into a number of five paragraphs.

Nelson Mandela

Today we went over the microfinance test and after Mr. Schick started to talk about Nelson Mandela. He talked about his life and accomplishments and his recent death/funeral. Nelson Mandela was suppose to be sentenced to life in prison for protesting segregation. He was against that whites couldn't go be in same places or schools as the black people. Even though it was 90% black in South Africa the 10% of the whites still tried to take over and continue the segregation. Eventually, he was only imprisoned for 23 years and after that they let him go. After he got out things changed a little and he ran for president. Because of the mostly black population in South Africa they all voted for him and he was elected president. He was seen as a world leader not only in Africa but all around the world. He lived to be 95 years old and died in 2013.

Microfinance test

Today in class we took a test on microfinance. The test was very easy and every question that was on the test was in the study guide so there was no trick questions nobody didn't know.

STUDY GUIDE FOR TEST

microfinance- a form of financial services for entrepreneurs and small businesses lacking access to banking and related services.

microloan- a small loan given to individuals who might not have access to typical banking services, usually to start or expand small, self sufficient businesses.

philanthropy- the generous donation of money to good causes, and Bill and Melinda Gates are the second greatest philanthropists in history ($28 billion, ⅓ of their wealth)

They support research and development for a vaccine, diagnostics, and mosquito-control measures  -  like mosquito nets!

   -Who are the providers of microloans?
One of the best-known lenders is Kiva.orgAs of November 26, 2013, Kiva has distributed $498,939,550 in loans from 1,015,823 lenders to 1,177,248 borrowers.
A total of 637,003 loans have been funded through Kiva.
The average loan size is $410.89.
The average Kiva user has made 10.06 loans
Kiva's current repayment rate for all its partners is 99.01%

- Who receives microloans?

Microentrepreneurs who are trying to start (or kickstart!) a small business.

Villagers needing to fund a clinic, hospital, or other health care facility (malaria treatment, drugs, hypos, refrigerators, sanitation).

Teachers trying to run a school (buying anything from books and pencils to desks and chairs).

Students wanting to further their education (college tuition).

-Problems with microloans

High interest rate (sometimes as high as 23%).

he cost of providing banking services to those living in

poverty is high.  

Being the company that provides tiny

loans can be expensive.

What’s harder and more time-consuming to process:

one $500,000 loan, or five hundred $1000 loans? 

-Microloans are a help, not a cure 

Banking services are often unavailable to poor people - 

microloans fill a gap.

It’s not just loans, but also insurance, legal representation, 

and help with financial planning that become available.

These are all important to people who are trying to break the cycle of poverty.

But poverty is a huge problem with no easy solutions.

-Challenges

There are many challenges faced by developing nations.

Some of these can be alleviated through microloans.

• substandard education ($ can help purchase supplies, buy books, pay teachers)
• poor health care ($ can help buy supplies, construct new/better buildings, deal with malaria)

Malaria 

(comes from the words "bad air")

• It’s a mosquito-borne infectious disease
• humans and animals can be infected through the bite of a female mosquito
• no vaccine exists   :(
• it kills around 665,000 people a year, many of them children

in sub-Saharan Africa mosquito nets can be effective (Thank you, Bill Gates)

10 Test Questions

1.) What is a microloan? - loaning people money to help them get a kickstart in a small business that will be beneficial to help their business be successful.

2.) What are some problems that can be helped my microfinance? Malaria, Drought, and Clean Water

3.)  How can microloans help? benefit others instead of the person allowing the community to benefit from it.

4.)  What is microfinance? -  is a general term to describe financial services to low-income individuals or to those who do not have access to typical banking services.

5.) What’s a microlender? - an organization that makes business loans to individuals who are not able to obtain financing from traditional lenders. (usually charge higher-than-average interest rates)

6.) what is malaria? What is it caused by? Its a disease transmitted from person to person through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito, which requires blood to nurture her eggs.

7.)  What are some effects of droughts or heavy rains? -The climate in the region affects the farming which is relied on in many because they are not as developed as other places.The weather is unpredictable. Many times there won’t be as much rainfall that is needed for the crops to survive, these times are called droughts Other times there is too much rain, this leads to many of the crops getting washed away because they are already full of water and can’t take any more in. Both resulting in little/no crops.

8.)  How do loans affect small business? - Loans help people with small businesses to get a kick start on what they want to do. They may get funds, structure investments, housing, and help for the economy in small areas near by.

9.) Who is the biggest provider for mosquito nets? - Bill Gates

10.) How many deaths does malaria cause each year? - 6,000

Information On Microfinance

Microfinance- a general term to describe financial services to low income individuals or to those who do not have access to typical banking services
Microloans- loans people money to help them get a kickstart in a small business that they think will be beneficial to their village or town

Microloan- a person who lends a small amount of money to a developing business. Once the business is running good the lender will receive their money back

• Microloans also helps investments in infrastructure, education, and legal reforms

Microfinance gives money to people who dont have much to start a business or for the economy, it also can help protect your business if you get sued. Allows poor people to build their assets by getting land or improving their homes.

In many developing countries the majority of the population is poor. Poor people are the least likely to be helped by regular banks.
Problems in developing countries that can be helped by Microfinance- Malaria, Drought, Clean Water,famine, pollution, poor health care, lack of supplies,

Malaria is a life threatening disease transmitted by mosquitos. Once was thought that it came from fetid marshes. Every year malaria causes 655,000 deaths.

Bill gates is a philanthropist. Bill and Melinda gates donate billions of dollars to help cure diseases and help sell mosquito nets.

Microlenders is an organization that makes business loans to individuals who are not able to get money from traditional lenders. Charge higher than average interest rates. Their maximum loan is usually 25,000 or less. People who receive microloans are usually individuals in poverty or in development zones in the US or who live in developing nations.

Ways Microloans can help
- helps expand their business
- the business can have a positive affect on the community around them
- allows small business loaners access to insurance
- create choice, allows people to switch professions and work in a field that interest them or interest them more than their last job