Study Guide for Exam

Study Guide to the Semester Exam - Human Geo - Fall 2013

*Multiple choice*

1. Introduction (Excellence)

a.              A Letter to Garcia - have to be able to count on people to do their best

b.             Socrates/ancient Greeks – real world appricalication (let no one tell you what to do) had his own beliefs, had the children don’t do what they’re told, question authority. “The unexamined life is not worth living” – not taking advantage of your knowledge; wasting talents

c.              Did You Know?/Shift Happens- World is changing faster than we know it, were training for jobs that don’t exist yet; we should be learning new skills

d.             Globalization- Always be learning to pick up new knowledge

e.             Infrastructure- ^^  (structure/ building block a country needs to be successful; electricity, good education system (kids are the future), healthcare (disease &sickness), transportation to import and export goods (airports harbors)

2.              Population and Migration

a.             population pyramids-

b.             crude birth rate, crude death rate, RNI, TFR- how does too many/little children being born effect jobs?

c.              immigration/emigration, NMR

d.             push forces, pull forces- pull forces- good health care, freedom, better economy

e.             developed nations, developing nations- developing nation o not have the infrastructure; developed nations have:  electricity, good education system (kids are the future), healthcare (disease &sickness), transportation to import and export goods (airports harbors)

f.               God Grew Tired of Us – Lost boys were forced out of their country (push force), once they came to America they to find had jobs and education to succed and survive in America without going poor.  (just because you come to America does not mean your problems are over

* Learned this because a lot of different countries that have problems and to show the difference between countries who have problems and who don’t. Realize America has it good compared to countries like Kenya

3.              Cultural Geography – We studied religion and language because its important to be culturally aware what the world is like. Look at things from a different point of view when it comes to people with different backgrounds

a.              language (bilingual nations, official language)- official languages & bilingual

b.              major religions (Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism)

c.              ethnic heritage

4.              Political Geography

a.              country, nation, state, nation/state

b.              World Leaders of the 12 nations we studied (plus the US) – (economic background, or protested their government and became leader; Nelson Mandela,

c.              type of government, leader and title, recognize photographs

5.              Economic Geography- how does little loans help people who need it?

a.              microfinance

b.              infrastructure

c.              Kiva

d.              Peace Corps

Exam Review

Today we started to get all our work and test prepared to study from it for exams next week. We have to answer 100 question on all the topics we learned and after we write an essay explaining all the material from each section into a number of five paragraphs.

Nelson Mandela

Today we went over the microfinance test and after Mr. Schick started to talk about Nelson Mandela. He talked about his life and accomplishments and his recent death/funeral. Nelson Mandela was suppose to be sentenced to life in prison for protesting segregation. He was against that whites couldn't go be in same places or schools as the black people. Even though it was 90% black in South Africa the 10% of the whites still tried to take over and continue the segregation. Eventually, he was only imprisoned for 23 years and after that they let him go. After he got out things changed a little and he ran for president. Because of the mostly black population in South Africa they all voted for him and he was elected president. He was seen as a world leader not only in Africa but all around the world. He lived to be 95 years old and died in 2013.

Microfinance test

Today in class we took a test on microfinance. The test was very easy and every question that was on the test was in the study guide so there was no trick questions nobody didn't know.

STUDY GUIDE FOR TEST

microfinance- a form of financial services for entrepreneurs and small businesses lacking access to banking and related services.

microloan- a small loan given to individuals who might not have access to typical banking services, usually to start or expand small, self sufficient businesses.

philanthropy- the generous donation of money to good causes, and Bill and Melinda Gates are the second greatest philanthropists in history ($28 billion, ⅓ of their wealth)

They support research and development for a vaccine, diagnostics, and mosquito-control measures  -  like mosquito nets!

   -Who are the providers of microloans?
One of the best-known lenders is Kiva.orgAs of November 26, 2013, Kiva has distributed $498,939,550 in loans from 1,015,823 lenders to 1,177,248 borrowers.
A total of 637,003 loans have been funded through Kiva.
The average loan size is $410.89.
The average Kiva user has made 10.06 loans
Kiva's current repayment rate for all its partners is 99.01%

- Who receives microloans?

Microentrepreneurs who are trying to start (or kickstart!) a small business.

Villagers needing to fund a clinic, hospital, or other health care facility (malaria treatment, drugs, hypos, refrigerators, sanitation).

Teachers trying to run a school (buying anything from books and pencils to desks and chairs).

Students wanting to further their education (college tuition).

-Problems with microloans

High interest rate (sometimes as high as 23%).

he cost of providing banking services to those living in

poverty is high.  

Being the company that provides tiny

loans can be expensive.

What’s harder and more time-consuming to process:

one $500,000 loan, or five hundred $1000 loans? 

-Microloans are a help, not a cure 

Banking services are often unavailable to poor people - 

microloans fill a gap.

It’s not just loans, but also insurance, legal representation, 

and help with financial planning that become available.

These are all important to people who are trying to break the cycle of poverty.

But poverty is a huge problem with no easy solutions.

-Challenges

There are many challenges faced by developing nations.

Some of these can be alleviated through microloans.

• substandard education ($ can help purchase supplies, buy books, pay teachers)
• poor health care ($ can help buy supplies, construct new/better buildings, deal with malaria)

Malaria 

(comes from the words "bad air")

• It’s a mosquito-borne infectious disease
• humans and animals can be infected through the bite of a female mosquito
• no vaccine exists   :(
• it kills around 665,000 people a year, many of them children

in sub-Saharan Africa mosquito nets can be effective (Thank you, Bill Gates)

10 Test Questions

1.) What is a microloan? - loaning people money to help them get a kickstart in a small business that will be beneficial to help their business be successful.

2.) What are some problems that can be helped my microfinance? Malaria, Drought, and Clean Water

3.)  How can microloans help? benefit others instead of the person allowing the community to benefit from it.

4.)  What is microfinance? -  is a general term to describe financial services to low-income individuals or to those who do not have access to typical banking services.

5.) What’s a microlender? - an organization that makes business loans to individuals who are not able to obtain financing from traditional lenders. (usually charge higher-than-average interest rates)

6.) what is malaria? What is it caused by? Its a disease transmitted from person to person through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito, which requires blood to nurture her eggs.

7.)  What are some effects of droughts or heavy rains? -The climate in the region affects the farming which is relied on in many because they are not as developed as other places.The weather is unpredictable. Many times there won’t be as much rainfall that is needed for the crops to survive, these times are called droughts Other times there is too much rain, this leads to many of the crops getting washed away because they are already full of water and can’t take any more in. Both resulting in little/no crops.

8.)  How do loans affect small business? - Loans help people with small businesses to get a kick start on what they want to do. They may get funds, structure investments, housing, and help for the economy in small areas near by.

9.) Who is the biggest provider for mosquito nets? - Bill Gates

10.) How many deaths does malaria cause each year? - 6,000

Information On Microfinance

Microfinance- a general term to describe financial services to low income individuals or to those who do not have access to typical banking services
Microloans- loans people money to help them get a kickstart in a small business that they think will be beneficial to their village or town

Microloan- a person who lends a small amount of money to a developing business. Once the business is running good the lender will receive their money back

• Microloans also helps investments in infrastructure, education, and legal reforms

Microfinance gives money to people who dont have much to start a business or for the economy, it also can help protect your business if you get sued. Allows poor people to build their assets by getting land or improving their homes.

In many developing countries the majority of the population is poor. Poor people are the least likely to be helped by regular banks.
Problems in developing countries that can be helped by Microfinance- Malaria, Drought, Clean Water,famine, pollution, poor health care, lack of supplies,

Malaria is a life threatening disease transmitted by mosquitos. Once was thought that it came from fetid marshes. Every year malaria causes 655,000 deaths.

Bill gates is a philanthropist. Bill and Melinda gates donate billions of dollars to help cure diseases and help sell mosquito nets.

Microlenders is an organization that makes business loans to individuals who are not able to get money from traditional lenders. Charge higher than average interest rates. Their maximum loan is usually 25,000 or less. People who receive microloans are usually individuals in poverty or in development zones in the US or who live in developing nations.

Ways Microloans can help
- helps expand their business
- the business can have a positive affect on the community around them
- allows small business loaners access to insurance
- create choice, allows people to switch professions and work in a field that interest them or interest them more than their last job

Nothing To Do During Class

Today in class Mr Schick just let us talk since it was the last day before Thanksgiving break. He didn't have anything planned for us so we introduced a shadow we had in the class and talked about many topics

Peace Corp Challenge

Today in class Mr. Schick was not here so Mr. Torres came to teach our class. On the Peace Corp Challenge game you have to save the little town from malaria, drought, and mosquitos. Women are getting their education because of the many problems the village is facing. In the game you have to talk to Gwafa to show him what you think will be the solution to the problems the town has. And if Gwafa thinks its a good idea he will give you things in return like chickens, pineapple, fried ants etc....

No escuela

Today i was sick & was not in school :(

World Leader Test

In class today we only had time to go over our tests.

Microfinance

Today we started a new unit. The new unit is about microfinance. We will be learning about about microfinance and small business developments in other countries. Also we will learn about the many challenges that the worlds faces and how microfinance helps communities get out of poverty and then we will learn about how each country faces poverty. And last but not least we will learn about the Peace Corps. During this unit we will be doing a project and having a mini test which wont be as many points as the project. What i already know about the Peace Corps is that it is just like the website Mr. Schick showed us called Kiva. Kiva is a website which gives loans to people in other countries who are in poverty or need money to start a successful business which will help them have a steady income.

Microfinance is a general term to describe financial services to low-income individuals or to those who do not have access to typical banking services.

TESTTTTT!

Today in class we took a test

WHERE COUNTRIES ARE ON A MAP

Mexico

Germany

Venezuela

China

India, Saudia Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan, 

Israel 

Brazil

United Kingdom 

France

Facts on Leaders

Today in class we finished up the slide about facts on different leaders of each country. Ive realized that women dont have a lot of rights in other countries and many countries have a lot more problems then America does.

Notes on Mr. Schick's Blog

Today we went over our test and Mr. Schick forgot to give us 3 points for our test !!! After we started to edit our blog with Mr. Schick's notes

Facts About Leaders of Different Countries

Enrique Pena Nieto
1.) Reports that he fathered two children in extramarital affairs while his wife Monica raised the couple’s 3 children, plus the investigation into the sudden death of his wife at home in 2007 (epileptic episode) , have prompted many to call him the Teflon candidate because trouble seems to slide off him.
2.) Two years later he announced his engagement to soap opera actor Angelica Rivera.  Rivera became his wife in a star-studded wedding ceremony two years ago and is now the first lady of Mexico.
3.) He was the eldest of four siblings in a middle-class family; his father, Gilberto Enrique Peña del Mazo, was an engineer for the electric company and his mother, María del Socorro Nieto, a schoolteacher.
http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/04/world/americas/enrique-pea-nieto-fast-facts/index.html

President Joachim Gauck & Chancellor Angela Merkel
1.) Hes a former Lutheran pastor
2.) His political life was formed by his family
Angela
1.) Graduated from University of Leipzig in 1978 with a degree in physics and physical chemistry; earned a PhD in quantum chemistry from the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin in 1986
2.) has been chancellor since november 2005
3.) "most powerful women in the world" from FORBES from the past 8 years
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Gauck

President Nicolas Maduro Moros
1.)Served in the Chamber of Deputies
2.) had cancer in 2011
3.) Nicolás Maduro Moros worked as a bus driver before becoming politically active in the early 1990s.
4.) After President Chávez won a third term in October 2012, he selected Maduro to serve as vice president. Maduro worked alongside the outspoken president, serving as one of his closest advisers as well as a loyal spokesman,
until Chávez's death at 58 on March 5, 2013, from cancer.
5.) Maduro was introduced to Hugo Chávez in 1992, after Chávez and other disenchanted members of the military were imprisoned for an attempted coup and Maduro began campaigning for  Chávez's release. (Chávez was released in 1994 and won election to the presidency four years later.)

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1917098/Nicolas-Maduro

President XI Jinping
1.) Xi Jinping is the son of revolutionary veteran Xi Zhongxun, one of the Communist Party's founding fathers.
2.) He married folk singer Peng Liyuan, who also holds the rank of army general, in 1987. To many in China, Ms. Peng was the better-known half of the couple before Xi Jinping became leader of the Communist Party.
3.) have a daughter named Xi Mingze who is studying at Harvard University
http://www.policymic.com/articles/30489/xi-jinping-5-quirky-facts-about-china-s-new-president

President Pranab Mukherjee (tried to overthrow)
1.) He taught Political Science at the Vidiyanagar College, and worked as a journalist before entering politics.
2.)Mukherjee was rated as one of the best finance ministers of the world in 1984 and was adjudged the best parliamentarian in 1997
3.) He had a conflict with Rajiv Gandhi (who took over as Prime Minister from his mother Indira after she was assassinated in 1984) and started his own party – Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress.
4.) one of the best finance ministers in the world
5.) started his own party 
http://presidentofindia.nic.in/profile.html


Queen Elizabeth II &  Prime Minister Cameron
1.) shes had over 404,500 awards
2.) there has ben 12 us presidents in the time of her being queen
3.)Elizabeth became queen on February 6, 1952, and was crowned on June 2, 1953.  Her reign has lasted 60 years - and counting.
Cameron
1.)At the age of seven, the young Cameron was packed off to Heatherdown, a highly exclusive preparatory school, which counted Princes Edward and Andrew among its pupils. Then, following in the family tradition, came Eton, Britain’s top private school.
2.)His first child, Ivan, who was born profoundly disabled and needed round the clock care, died in February 2009.
3.)The experience of caring for Ivan and witnessing at first hand the dedication of NHS hospital staff, is said by friends to have broadened Mr Cameron's horizons. He had, friends say, led an almost charmed life to that point.
4.)Cameron is the youngest Prime Minister (43 when he took office) in over 200 years.
http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2114386_2114388_2115566,00.html

Prime Minister Abdallah
1.) He was appointed commander of the Saudi Arabian National Guard, a post he was still holding when he became king
2.) Focus's on economics, health, education & social
3.) 10th son; over 30 wives, fathered 22 children; youngest at 79
4.) worth 21 billion dollars
5.) In 2011 he granted women the right to vote and run in future municipal elections, the biggest change in a decade for women in a puritanical kingdom that practices strict separation of the sexes, including banning women from driving (the only country in the world with such a ban).
6.) In November 2007, King Abdullah visited Pope Benedict in the Apostolic Palace. He is the first Saudi monarch to visit the Pope.  In March 2008, he called for a “brotherly and sincere dialogue between believers from all religions.”
http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/KingAbdullah.aspx

President Francois Hollande
1.) Had been elected on his third try
2.) Ran for president when he was in college
3.) has 4 children and been with this women (Ségolène Royal) for 40 years
4.) no previous experience in a national government
5.) born in the city of Rouen in 1954; mom was a social worker dad was a physician 
http://www.biography.com/people/fran%C3%A7ois-hollande-20849813

Supreme Leader Ali Hoseini-Khamenei (tried to overthrow)  & President Ruhani
1.)In 1963, took part in street protests against the U.S.-backed Shah of Iran. After the uprising was quashed, Khamenei was exiled. Khamenei was imprisoned multiple times and, in 1975, was internally exiled to a remote region in southeastern Iran.
2.)Hes been in the Islamic government since 1981, re-elected 1985; Became Iran's supreme leader in 1989
Ruhani
1.) worked his way up to the government
2.) has a military background
3.) Mr Rouhani has held several parliamentary posts, including deputy speaker and has also served on the Supreme National Security Council.

4.) Was just elected President of Iran - June 2013

5.) He has been openly critical of the outgoing president, saying Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's "careless, uncalculated and unstudied remarks" have cost the country dearly.

http://www.leader.ir/langs/en/index.php?p=bio

President Dilma Rousseff (tried to overthrow)
1.) besides running for president she has never ran for office
2.)She opposed Brazil’s military dictatorship of the 1960s and ‘70s, and served three years in prison, where she was repeatedly tortured
3.) been divorced twice
4.) has a degree in economics, and now rules the country with the eighth-biggest economy in the world.
5.) had chemotherapy for lymphoma in 2009 and now is in remission
http://www.cnn.com/2013/01/04/world/americas/dilma-rousseff---fast-facts/

President Shimon Peres & Netanyahu
1.)created the the Peres Center for Peace 
2.)was elected a Member of Knesset then served as president
3.) Shimon Peres was born in Belarus. To escape the persecution of Jews there, the family fled to Palestine in 1934.
4.) Organized israel's nuclear plan
5.) in charge of the negotiations of peace talks with the Palestinians; In the autumn of 1994 he shared the Nobel Peace Prize with his own Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and the Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat
6.) When Arab forces launched their attack on the new state of Israel in 1948, Peres was given the chief responsibility for securing military equipment for Israel from abroad.
Netanyahu
1.)As a child and youth he lived with his family in the US in the years 1956-58 and again in 1963-67
2.) After his brother Jonathan (Yonni) was killed, in July 1976, in the course of the Entebbe Operation, of which he was one of the commanders, Netanyahu returned to Israel and started to advocate international cooperation in fighting terrorism.

Quote: "There are those who say that if the Holocaust had not occurred, the State of Israel would never have been established. But I say that if the State of Israel would have been established earlier, the Holocaust would not have occurred."
http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/aboutisrael/state/pages/shimon%20peres.aspx

 President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai (tried to overthrow)
1.) He emerged as a resistance leader under Taliban rule and worked to undermine the regime
2.) he's speaks Peshto, Persian, Hindi, French and English
3.)He is well versed in several languages, including his native Peshto, Persian, Hindi, French and English.
4.) Several times in 2001, Karzai warned the United States that the Taliban were connected with al Qaeda and that there was a plot for an imminent attack on the United States, but his warnings went unheeded.
http://www.biography.com/people/hamid-karzai-537356